Feasibility,
emission and fuel requirement analysis of hybrid car versus solar electric
car: a comparative study
Hybrid
versus solar electric car comparison
Abstract
The problem regarding environment has been considered
as contemporary issue, and to cater this, various technologies have been
revolutionized in vehicle transport field. Efforts have been made to make
vehicle engine efficient and introducing hybridized vehicles with the aim of
reducing emissions and less fuel dependency. In essence of this, trends
of solar
electric cars in different countries have been reviewed. Feasibility
analysis is done by doing fuel cost analysis of two cases, i.e., simple hybrid
vehicle and hybrid vehicle equipped with solar module and increased battery
energy storage capacity for a specific round trip distance between two cities,
i.e., Rawalpindi and Islamabad in
comparison with feasibility of third case, i.e., proposed solar electric car
model. The solar module selection along with desired number of batteries with
charging and discharging time and motor power required to carry five persons
weight (70 kg each) is calculated for third case. Moreover, total carbon
dioxide emission analysis has been carried out from car material production to
its assembly, manufacturing solar module and nickel
metal hydride battery for each case. The annual carbon dioxide emitted
from fuel in first two cases relative to electric outlet in third case for
specific distance has been analyzed.
Full research article is available on the following link
DownloadFull Research Article
Numerical
simulation of particulate removal efficiency in venturi scrubber
Abstract
Coal power plants are used extensively worldwide for
electricity production due to its cheap rate. The major demerit is its adverse
affect on the environment through emissions. The particulates and pollutant
gases are the major ones, emitted by coal power plants. Venturi
scrubber is one of those technologies that assist in simultaneous
removal of particulates and toxic gases. To correctly understand and design
these equipments, it is necessary to visualize the fluid dynamics inside these
devices. In this regard, a numerical simulation is performed in ANSYS-CFX by
using Eulerian-Lagrangian
method to estimate particulate collection efficiency in the venturi
scrubber. The collection efficiency is investigated at different gas and water
mass flow rates. The potassium oxide (K2O) particles of one micron size with
2.35 g/cm3 density is used in simulation. Droplet diameter is also calculated
in simulation by means of Cascade Atomization Breakup (CAB) model. Proper
selection of breakup regime for droplet deformation in CAB model is determined
by calculation of gas Weber and Ohnesorge number. Grade efficiency is
calculated for throat gas velocity of 32 m/s with liquid to gas ratio of 7
l/m3. The affect of liquid to gas ratio at specific throat gas velocities on
particulates removal efficiency and droplets diameter are also examined. The
results shows that the increase in particulates removal efficiency occurred by
increasing gas mass flow rate and liquid to gas ratio at particular gas
velocities. The decrease in droplet size is observed during accession in liquid
to gas ratio. Particulate removal efficiency of 99 % can be achieved at higher
gas mass flow rates due to high inertial impaction parameter.
Full
research article is available on the following link
CFD simulation of chemical reaction between sulfur
dioxide and water in a venturi scrubber
Abstract
The use of fossil fuel, i.e., coal, was first
initiated in 1880s for electricity generation. It was used extensively
worldwide due to its cheap rate. Consequently, there is an adverse effect on
the environment that results in a climate change. Many industries were working
on cleaning flue gases emitted from coal power plants according to
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) standards by using different scrubbing
technologies and venturi scrubber is one of them having ability to remove
particulates and toxic gases simultaneously. Industries were using
computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques to fully understand the gases
behavior inside scrubbing technologies prior employed in the project. This
research represents CFD simulation to study abatement process of sulfur dioxide
through chemical reaction with water in a venturi scrubber. Parameters such as
mass concentration of sulfurous
acid formation, sulfur dioxide and water mass content distribution
inside venturi scrubber were analyzed. The sulfur dioxide removal efficiency
was also investigated. The results show that water mass content distribution
was greatly influenced by sulfur dioxide mass flow rates. Desulfurization
efficiency depreciates with an increase in sulfur dioxide mass flow rate,
whereas efficiency increases with accession in liquid to gas ratio. Maximum
sulfur dioxide removal was observed at lower sulfur dioxide concentration
comparatively to higher concentration of sulfur dioxide.
Full
research article is available on the following link
Download
Full Research Article
Empirical
analysis of turbine and generator efficiency of a pico hydro system
Abstract
In this research, the performance of
a pico
hydro system is analyzed by determining turbine and generator
efficiency. The turbine used is an impulse type while, for power
generation, a 3 phase AC permanent magnet alternator is
accompanied in the system. Other electrical components are also installed for
frequency stabilization to operate the load safely. The effect of flow rate and
installation of equipment’s i.e. battery and
inverter on the turbine and generator efficiency is investigated in this paper.
The results obtained from the experiment revealed that the alternator power,
pressure, and torque exerted on the alternator shaft entirely depend on water
flow rate. The speed of the alternator is also affected after incorporating
battery and inverter in a pico hydro system. The optimum permanent magnet
alternator efficiency of 48.35% is achieved at a flow rate of 15.4 gpm and
afterward, it starts decreasing due to the stator and rotor losses inside the
alternator. The turbine
efficiency is related to net and jet head and also water and jet
velocity and found maximum at 19.7 gpm flow rate.
Full research article is available on the following link
Download
Full Research Article
Determining historic (1950 - 2000) average precipitation
and temperature for Pakistan by using climate downscaling technique
Abstract
There is an immense hydropower
potential in Pakistan. To utilize those resources effectively, it’s compulsory
to know about climate history that helps in hydropower project feasibility. For
that, there is an assessment required of a specific site from a hydrology
perspective i.e. water level or evaporation rate, where spatial data regarding
different parameters such as precipitation and temperature is compulsory. Based
on this, a climate downscaling technique is used in this paper that requires
the input time series data sets of temperature and precipitation, based on 30
arc seconds and 0.5˚ resolution. A downscaled dataset has been generated by
using time series input data sets of the Global Precipitation Climatology
Centre (GPCC) and Climate Research Unit (CRU) that are of 0.5˚ resolution.
Along with such low-resolution datasets, a 30˚ high-resolution time series data
sets of WorldClim are also used for temperature and precipitation. A downscaled
historical (1950 - 2000) gridded data of precipitation and temperature for
Pakistan is generated through the statistical climate downscaling technique to
interpolate the coarse resolution data into fine spatial resolution data with
the help of Piecewise Cubic Hermite Interpolation Polynomial (PCHIP)
interpolation scheme. These downscaled historical precipitation and temperature
data in ASCII format are programmed in MATLAB, defining the boundary region of
Pakistan to calculate their average annual, seasonal, and monthly temperature
and precipitation values. The average annual, seasonal, and monthly
precipitation and temperature historical data are plotted for Pakistan using a
spreadsheet generated in MATLAB. Such plotted data can be used in the
prediction of water stream flow rate and evaporation rate by using hydrology
models in the future that help in assessing the hydropower of the Pakistan
before commencement of the hydro projects.
Full research article is available on the following link
Download
Full Research Article
No comments:
Post a Comment